Global spread of avian influenza (H5N1)

Since the beginning of 2020, there have been severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI H5N1) belonging to the clade 2.3.4.4b. These outbreaks have been the most serious and significant ever recorded among avian populations in Europe, spanning the epidemic years 2020/21, 2021/22, and continued into the ongoing epidemic in 2022/23 [1].

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